The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the national agency responsible for weather forecasting, meteorological observations, and seismology in India. Established in 1875, IMD plays a vital role in safeguarding lives, supporting agriculture, aiding disaster management, and monitoring climate changes
History and Establishment
The IMD was founded in 1875 during British rule to unify scattered meteorological services across the country. Since then, it has evolved into a modern scientific organization under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, headquartered at Mausam Bhawan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi.
Key Functions of IMD
Weather Forecasting & Alerts
- Provides daily, weekly, and seasonal forecasts.
- Issues early warnings for cyclones, heatwaves, floods, cold waves, and thunderstorms
Monsoon Monitoring
- Tracks the Southwest and Northeast monsoons.
- Releases annual monsoon onset and rainfall predictions, which are vital for agriculture and water management
Cyclone Warnings
- IMD is a Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean under the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
- Provides real-time updates on cyclones to India and neighboring countries.
Seismology & Earthquake Monitoring
- Maintains a vast seismic network across India.
- Issues reports on earthquake intensity and epicenters
Aviation & Marine Services
- Supplies weather forecasts to airlines, airports, and shipping industries for safe operations.
Agro-Meteorological Services
- Provides weather-based crop advisories to farmers
- Runs the Meghdoot App in collaboration with ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
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Infrastructure and Technology
Radar Network: 27 Doppler Weather Radars across India
Observatories: 559 surface observatories and 86 radiosonde stations
Regional Centres: Located in New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Nagpur, and Guwahati.
Mobile Apps:
- Mausam App – Weather forecasts and alerts
- Meghdoot App – Agriculture advisories for farmers
- Damini App – Lightning alerts for public safety.
Importance of IMD
Disaster Management: Helps in reducing the impact of natural disasters like cyclones and floods.
Agriculture: Supports farmers with weather forecasts for sowing, irrigation, and harvesting.
Aviation & Shipping: Provides crucial data for safe air and sea navigation
Climate Research: Monitors climate change and its long-term effects on India.
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